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N and on April 13-14, 2024, Iran did something unthinkable – carried out a direct strike on Israeli territory. And not through its proxies in the region – the Lebanese Hezbollah, Hamas from the Gaza Strip or the Houthis in Yemen, but through its elite Revolutionary Guards Corps (IRGC).
The attack began at 10 p.m. and lasted for at least five hours. In the first moment, it was a shock not only to the world media, but also to the experts and analysts of the world. It was they who, soon after the attack, began to find contradictions in the officially presented versions.
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According to Israel’s Defense Ministry, Iran fired 30 Paveh cruise missiles, 180 Shahed drones and 120 Emad medium-range ballistic missiles, as well as unnamed other strike means. Hezbollah admitted to firing 2 volleys of rockets at the occupied Golan Heights. There are also launches from Iraq, Yemen and Syria. The missiles were launched about 3 hours after the launch of the slower drones to reach Israel at the same time. The distance from the nearest point in Iran to Tel Aviv is 1300 km.
Arsenal
Shahab-3 – the first Shahab-3A model has a range of 1300 km. The next model, the 3B, has a range of 2,000 km and can carry a heavier warhead. Their creation is an important step for Iran and paves the way for longer-range missiles. The Shahab-3D that followed is the latest with a range of 2000 km.
Ghadr-110 – with a range of 1800 to 2000 km. An improved version of the Shahab-3, also known as the Ghadr-101. The first stage is liquid fuel, and the second is solid fuel, it has a range of 2000 km.
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Qiam – two-stage solid-fuel missile with a range of 2,500 km, tested on November 12, 2008. The improved version Sejjil-2 was tested on May 20, 2009. New navigation and guidance systems; has greater payload and range; longer storage time, faster start-up and lower unmasking signs.
Emad – On October 10, 2015, Iran launched a missile with a range of 1,700 km. This covers the territory of Israel and Saudi Arabia. It has an improved guidance and control system, working on re-entry into the atmosphere.
Shahid Haj Qasem – ballistic missile presented on August 20, 2020. Named after Gen. Qassem Soleimani, who was killed by the US in January 2020. Haj-Qasem has a range of 1,400 km with a 500 kg warhead. According to experts, it is a new generation Fateh-110 and has the ability to overcome ABM.
Winged
Paveh – surface-to-surface cruise missile with a range of 1,650 km. A smart missile that can change targets in flight. The Paveh is part of the Soumar family, which was introduced in 2015, with the first missile having a range of 700 km. The Paveh variant was introduced on February 2, 2023. It has retractable wings and can fly various trajectories to the target. Before reaching it, it barrages and attacks the target from a different direction.
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Missiles can attack in groups and communicate with each other during an attack. Edna acts as the leader of the attack group and directs the remaining missiles. One or more of the rockets are sent forward and become decoys that sacrifice themselves to make way for the others. Hits ground targets with high accuracy. Discussing the missile’s capabilities, Israeli military intelligence site DEBKAfile wrote that “no country has yet found an effective means of intercepting cruise missiles before they strike, unless they are short-range.”
Ammunition
Shahed-136 – barrage ammunition for attacking ground targets with a mass of 200 kg; length 3.5 m, wingspan 2.5 m, warhead mass 50 kg, range 2500 km and maximum speed 185 km/h. It has a delta wing, a central fuselage flowing into the wings, and stabilizers at their ends. The Mado MD-550 4-cylinder piston engine drives a 2-blade pusher propeller. The drone is launched from a launch pad at a slight upward angle and is assisted by a launch booster that is ejected after launch.
air defense
The attacking munitions come from afar, so Israel has time to raise F-35I stealth fighters to intercept them. Israel’s three-tiered air defense “umbrella” has its furthest tier with the Arrow interceptor missile. The next level is the David’s Sling air defense system, which is a defense against short-range ballistic missiles, cruise missiles and drones, destroying them at a distance of up to 300 km.
The innermost layer is the Iron Dome air defense system, developed to intercept unguided missiles, recently upgraded to handle drones as well. The Israeli Defense Ministry said none of the 170 drones launched by Iran and its proxies reached Israeli airspace.
Dimitar Stavrev, military expert
